Applied scrollback patches

The kitty keyboard protocol docs recommend CSI ? u to query support for
that protocol, see https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/keyboard-protocol/

For better or worse, fish shell uses this query to work around bugs
in other terminals triggered by requesting that protocol via CSI = 5 u.

Unfortunately, st interprets CSI ? u as DECRC (restore cursor
position). reproduce with 'printf "\x1b[?u"; cat'.

fish could work around this by switching to the alternate screen
before running this query; but that might cause tearing on terminals
that don't support Synchronized Output. I'm not sure.

In the meantime, let's correct our parser.

This adds a redundant else-after-return, for consistency with the
surrounding code.

FAQ

@@ -248,3 +248,6 @@ fonts:
 
 Please don't bother reporting this bug to st, but notify the upstream Xft
 developers about fixing this bug.
+
+As of 2022-09-05 this now seems to be finally fixed in libXft 2.3.5:
+https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/lib/libxft/-/blob/libXft-2.3.5/NEWS

LICENSE

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 MIT/X Consortium License
 
-© 2014-2020 Hiltjo Posthuma <hiltjo at codemadness dot org>
+© 2014-2022 Hiltjo Posthuma <hiltjo at codemadness dot org>
 © 2018 Devin J. Pohly <djpohly at gmail dot com>
 © 2014-2017 Quentin Rameau <quinq at fifth dot space>
 © 2009-2012 Aurélien APTEL <aurelien dot aptel at gmail dot com>

Makefile

@@ -7,13 +7,7 @@ include config.mk
 SRC = st.c x.c
 OBJ = $(SRC:.c=.o)
 
-all: options st
-
-options:
-	@echo st build options:
-	@echo "CFLAGS  = $(STCFLAGS)"
-	@echo "LDFLAGS = $(STLDFLAGS)"
-	@echo "CC      = $(CC)"
+all: st
 
 config.h:
 	cp config.def.h config.h
@@ -54,4 +48,4 @@ uninstall:
 	rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/bin/st
 	rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(MANPREFIX)/man1/st.1
 
-.PHONY: all options clean dist install uninstall
+.PHONY: all clean dist install uninstall

config.def.h

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ int allowwindowops = 0;
  * near minlatency, but it waits longer for slow updates to avoid partial draw.
  * low minlatency will tear/flicker more, as it can "detect" idle too early.
  */
-static double minlatency = 8;
+static double minlatency = 2;
 static double maxlatency = 33;
 
 /*
@@ -176,6 +176,8 @@ static uint forcemousemod = ShiftMask;
  */
 static MouseShortcut mshortcuts[] = {
 	/* mask                 button   function        argument       release */
+	{ ShiftMask,            Button4, kscrollup,      {.i = 1} },
+	{ ShiftMask,            Button5, kscrolldown,    {.i = 1} },
 	{ XK_ANY_MOD,           Button2, selpaste,       {.i = 0},      1 },
 	{ ShiftMask,            Button4, ttysend,        {.s = "\033[5;2~"} },
 	{ XK_ANY_MOD,           Button4, ttysend,        {.s = "\031"} },
@@ -201,6 +203,8 @@ static Shortcut shortcuts[] = {
 	{ TERMMOD,              XK_Y,           selpaste,       {.i =  0} },
 	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Insert,      selpaste,       {.i =  0} },
 	{ TERMMOD,              XK_Num_Lock,    numlock,        {.i =  0} },
+	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Page_Up,     kscrollup,      {.f = -0.1} },
+	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Page_Down,   kscrolldown,    {.f = -0.1} },
 };
 
 /*

config.mk

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # st version
-VERSION = 0.8.5
+VERSION = 0.9.2
 
 # Customize below to fit your system
 
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ STLDFLAGS = $(LIBS) $(LDFLAGS)
 #LIBS = -L$(X11LIB) -lm -lX11 -lutil -lXft \
 #       `$(PKG_CONFIG) --libs fontconfig` \
 #       `$(PKG_CONFIG) --libs freetype2`
+#MANPREFIX = ${PREFIX}/man
 
 # compiler and linker
 # CC = c99

patches/st-scrollback-float-0.9.2.diff

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+diff --git a/config.def.h b/config.def.h
+index 8b25d40..6769f99 100644
+--- a/config.def.h
++++ b/config.def.h
+@@ -201,8 +201,8 @@ static Shortcut shortcuts[] = {
+ 	{ TERMMOD,              XK_Y,           selpaste,       {.i =  0} },
+ 	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Insert,      selpaste,       {.i =  0} },
+ 	{ TERMMOD,              XK_Num_Lock,    numlock,        {.i =  0} },
+-	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Page_Up,     kscrollup,      {.i = -1} },
+-	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Page_Down,   kscrolldown,    {.i = -1} },
++	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Page_Up,     kscrollup,      {.f = -0.1} },
++	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Page_Down,   kscrolldown,    {.f = -0.1} },
+ };
+ 
+ /*
+diff --git a/st.c b/st.c
+index a3b3c9d..5a93594 100644
+--- a/st.c
++++ b/st.c
+@@ -1087,14 +1087,14 @@ tswapscreen(void)
+ void
+ kscrollup(const Arg *a)
+ {
+-	int n = a->i;
++	float n = a->f;
+ 
+ 	if (IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
+ 		return;
+ 
+-	if (n < 0) n = (-n) * term.row;
++	if (n < 0) n = MAX((-n) * term.row, 1);
+ 	if (n > TSCREEN.size - term.row - TSCREEN.off) n = TSCREEN.size - term.row - TSCREEN.off;
+-	while (!TLINE(-n)) --n;
++	while (!TLINE((int)-n)) --n;
+ 	TSCREEN.off += n;
+ 	selscroll(0, n);
+ 	tfulldirt();
+@@ -1104,12 +1104,12 @@ void
+ kscrolldown(const Arg *a)
+ {
+ 
+-	int n = a->i;
++	float n = a->f;
+ 
+ 	if (IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
+ 		return;
+ 
+-	if (n < 0) n = (-n) * term.row;
++	if (n < 0) n = MAX((-n) * term.row, 1);
+ 	if (n > TSCREEN.off) n = TSCREEN.off;
+ 	TSCREEN.off -= n;
+ 	selscroll(0, -n);

patches/st-scrollback-mouse-0.9.2.diff

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+From 6b7e7e6c5c44dd6347ad49691b80d808c1b0cb77 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: Jernej Jakob <jernej.jakob@gmail.com>
+Date: Mon, 1 Jul 2024 14:00:02 +0200
+Subject: [PATCH] [st][patch] Update st-scrollback-mouse for 0.9.2
+
+---
+ config.def.h | 2 ++
+ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
+
+diff --git a/config.def.h b/config.def.h
+index 8b25d40..d259675 100644
+--- a/config.def.h
++++ b/config.def.h
+@@ -176,6 +176,8 @@ static uint forcemousemod = ShiftMask;
+  */
+ static MouseShortcut mshortcuts[] = {
+ 	/* mask                 button   function        argument       release */
++	{ ShiftMask,            Button4, kscrollup,      {.i = 1} },
++	{ ShiftMask,            Button5, kscrolldown,    {.i = 1} },
+ 	{ XK_ANY_MOD,           Button2, selpaste,       {.i = 0},      1 },
+ 	{ ShiftMask,            Button4, ttysend,        {.s = "\033[5;2~"} },
+ 	{ XK_ANY_MOD,           Button4, ttysend,        {.s = "\031"} },
+-- 
+2.44.2
+

patches/st-scrollback-ringbuffer-0.9.2.diff

@@ -0,0 +1,730 @@
+commit 0663bdf11a409961da5b1120741a69814da8ce65
+Author: Timo Röhling <timo@gaussglocke.de>
+Date:   Tue Nov 23 19:45:33 2021 +0100
+
+    Terminal scrollback with ring buffer
+    
+    This patch adds a ring buffer for scrollback to the terminal.  The
+    advantage of using a ring buffer is that the common case, scrolling with
+    no static screen content, can be achieved very efficiently by
+    incrementing and decrementing the starting line (modulo buffer size).
+    
+    The scrollback buffer is limited to HISTSIZE lines in order to bound
+    memory usage. As the lines are allocated on demand, it is possible to
+    implement unlimited scrollback with few changes.  If the terminal is
+    reset, the scroll back buffer is reset, too.
+
+diff --git a/config.def.h b/config.def.h
+index 2cd740a..8b25d40 100644
+--- a/config.def.h
++++ b/config.def.h
+@@ -201,6 +201,8 @@ static Shortcut shortcuts[] = {
+ 	{ TERMMOD,              XK_Y,           selpaste,       {.i =  0} },
+ 	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Insert,      selpaste,       {.i =  0} },
+ 	{ TERMMOD,              XK_Num_Lock,    numlock,        {.i =  0} },
++	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Page_Up,     kscrollup,      {.i = -1} },
++	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Page_Down,   kscrolldown,    {.i = -1} },
+ };
+ 
+ /*
+diff --git a/st.c b/st.c
+index b9f66e7..d9b163e 100644
+--- a/st.c
++++ b/st.c
+@@ -43,6 +43,10 @@
+ #define ISCONTROL(c)		(ISCONTROLC0(c) || ISCONTROLC1(c))
+ #define ISDELIM(u)		(u && wcschr(worddelimiters, u))
+ 
++#define TSCREEN term.screen[IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN)]
++#define TLINEOFFSET(y) (((y) + TSCREEN.cur - TSCREEN.off + TSCREEN.size) % TSCREEN.size)
++#define TLINE(y) (TSCREEN.buffer[TLINEOFFSET(y)])
++
+ enum term_mode {
+ 	MODE_WRAP        = 1 << 0,
+ 	MODE_INSERT      = 1 << 1,
+@@ -109,12 +113,21 @@ typedef struct {
+ 	int alt;
+ } Selection;
+ 
++/* Screen lines */
++typedef struct {
++	Line* buffer;  /* ring buffer */
++	int size;      /* size of buffer */
++	int cur;       /* start of active screen */
++	int off;       /* scrollback line offset */
++	TCursor sc;    /* saved cursor */
++} LineBuffer;
++
+ /* Internal representation of the screen */
+ typedef struct {
+ 	int row;      /* nb row */
+ 	int col;      /* nb col */
+-	Line *line;   /* screen */
+-	Line *alt;    /* alternate screen */
++	LineBuffer screen[2]; /* screen and alternate screen */
++	int linelen;  /* allocated line length */
+ 	int *dirty;   /* dirtyness of lines */
+ 	TCursor c;    /* cursor */
+ 	int ocx;      /* old cursor col */
+@@ -203,6 +216,8 @@ static void tdeftran(char);
+ static void tstrsequence(uchar);
+ 
+ static void drawregion(int, int, int, int);
++static void clearline(Line, Glyph, int, int);
++static Line ensureline(Line);
+ 
+ static void selnormalize(void);
+ static void selscroll(int, int);
+@@ -408,11 +423,12 @@ int
+ tlinelen(int y)
+ {
+ 	int i = term.col;
++	Line line = TLINE(y);
+ 
+-	if (term.line[y][i - 1].mode & ATTR_WRAP)
++	if (line[i - 1].mode & ATTR_WRAP)
+ 		return i;
+ 
+-	while (i > 0 && term.line[y][i - 1].u == ' ')
++	while (i > 0 && line[i - 1].u == ' ')
+ 		--i;
+ 
+ 	return i;
+@@ -521,7 +537,7 @@ selsnap(int *x, int *y, int direction)
+ 		 * Snap around if the word wraps around at the end or
+ 		 * beginning of a line.
+ 		 */
+-		prevgp = &term.line[*y][*x];
++		prevgp = &TLINE(*y)[*x];
+ 		prevdelim = ISDELIM(prevgp->u);
+ 		for (;;) {
+ 			newx = *x + direction;
+@@ -536,14 +552,14 @@ selsnap(int *x, int *y, int direction)
+ 					yt = *y, xt = *x;
+ 				else
+ 					yt = newy, xt = newx;
+-				if (!(term.line[yt][xt].mode & ATTR_WRAP))
++				if (!(TLINE(yt)[xt].mode & ATTR_WRAP))
+ 					break;
+ 			}
+ 
+ 			if (newx >= tlinelen(newy))
+ 				break;
+ 
+-			gp = &term.line[newy][newx];
++			gp = &TLINE(newy)[newx];
+ 			delim = ISDELIM(gp->u);
+ 			if (!(gp->mode & ATTR_WDUMMY) && (delim != prevdelim
+ 					|| (delim && gp->u != prevgp->u)))
+@@ -564,14 +580,14 @@ selsnap(int *x, int *y, int direction)
+ 		*x = (direction < 0) ? 0 : term.col - 1;
+ 		if (direction < 0) {
+ 			for (; *y > 0; *y += direction) {
+-				if (!(term.line[*y-1][term.col-1].mode
++				if (!(TLINE(*y-1)[term.col-1].mode
+ 						& ATTR_WRAP)) {
+ 					break;
+ 				}
+ 			}
+ 		} else if (direction > 0) {
+ 			for (; *y < term.row-1; *y += direction) {
+-				if (!(term.line[*y][term.col-1].mode
++				if (!(TLINE(*y)[term.col-1].mode
+ 						& ATTR_WRAP)) {
+ 					break;
+ 				}
+@@ -602,13 +618,13 @@ getsel(void)
+ 		}
+ 
+ 		if (sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR) {
+-			gp = &term.line[y][sel.nb.x];
++			gp = &TLINE(y)[sel.nb.x];
+ 			lastx = sel.ne.x;
+ 		} else {
+-			gp = &term.line[y][sel.nb.y == y ? sel.nb.x : 0];
++			gp = &TLINE(y)[sel.nb.y == y ? sel.nb.x : 0];
+ 			lastx = (sel.ne.y == y) ? sel.ne.x : term.col-1;
+ 		}
+-		last = &term.line[y][MIN(lastx, linelen-1)];
++		last = &TLINE(y)[MIN(lastx, linelen-1)];
+ 		while (last >= gp && last->u == ' ')
+ 			--last;
+ 
+@@ -949,12 +965,15 @@ int
+ tattrset(int attr)
+ {
+ 	int i, j;
++	int y = TLINEOFFSET(0);
+ 
+ 	for (i = 0; i < term.row-1; i++) {
++		Line line = TSCREEN.buffer[y];
+ 		for (j = 0; j < term.col-1; j++) {
+-			if (term.line[i][j].mode & attr)
++			if (line[j].mode & attr)
+ 				return 1;
+ 		}
++		y = (y+1) % TSCREEN.size;
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	return 0;
+@@ -976,14 +995,17 @@ void
+ tsetdirtattr(int attr)
+ {
+ 	int i, j;
++	int y = TLINEOFFSET(0);
+ 
+ 	for (i = 0; i < term.row-1; i++) {
++		Line line = TSCREEN.buffer[y];
+ 		for (j = 0; j < term.col-1; j++) {
+-			if (term.line[i][j].mode & attr) {
++			if (line[j].mode & attr) {
+ 				tsetdirt(i, i);
+ 				break;
+ 			}
+ 		}
++		y = (y+1) % TSCREEN.size;
+ 	}
+ }
+ 
+@@ -996,27 +1018,19 @@ tfulldirt(void)
+ void
+ tcursor(int mode)
+ {
+-	static TCursor c[2];
+-	int alt = IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN);
+-
+ 	if (mode == CURSOR_SAVE) {
+-		c[alt] = term.c;
++		TSCREEN.sc = term.c;
+ 	} else if (mode == CURSOR_LOAD) {
+-		term.c = c[alt];
+-		tmoveto(c[alt].x, c[alt].y);
++		term.c = TSCREEN.sc;
++		tmoveto(term.c.x, term.c.y);
+ 	}
+ }
+ 
+ void
+ treset(void)
+ {
+-	uint i;
+-
+-	term.c = (TCursor){{
+-		.mode = ATTR_NULL,
+-		.fg = defaultfg,
+-		.bg = defaultbg
+-	}, .x = 0, .y = 0, .state = CURSOR_DEFAULT};
++	int i, j;
++	Glyph g = (Glyph){ .fg = defaultfg, .bg = defaultbg};
+ 
+ 	memset(term.tabs, 0, term.col * sizeof(*term.tabs));
+ 	for (i = tabspaces; i < term.col; i += tabspaces)
+@@ -1028,17 +1042,37 @@ treset(void)
+ 	term.charset = 0;
+ 
+ 	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+-		tmoveto(0, 0);
+-		tcursor(CURSOR_SAVE);
+-		tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.row-1);
+-		tswapscreen();
++		term.screen[i].sc = (TCursor){{
++			.fg = defaultfg,
++			.bg = defaultbg
++		}};
++		term.screen[i].cur = 0;
++		term.screen[i].off = 0;
++		for (j = 0; j < term.row; ++j) {
++			if (term.col != term.linelen)
++				term.screen[i].buffer[j] = xrealloc(term.screen[i].buffer[j], term.col * sizeof(Glyph));
++			clearline(term.screen[i].buffer[j], g, 0, term.col);
++		}
++		for (j = term.row; j < term.screen[i].size; ++j) {
++			free(term.screen[i].buffer[j]);
++			term.screen[i].buffer[j] = NULL;
++		}
+ 	}
++	tcursor(CURSOR_LOAD);
++	term.linelen = term.col;
++	tfulldirt();
+ }
+ 
+ void
+ tnew(int col, int row)
+ {
+-	term = (Term){ .c = { .attr = { .fg = defaultfg, .bg = defaultbg } } };
++	int i;
++	term = (Term){};
++	term.screen[0].buffer = xmalloc(HISTSIZE * sizeof(Line));
++	term.screen[0].size = HISTSIZE;
++	term.screen[1].buffer = NULL;
++	for (i = 0; i < HISTSIZE; ++i) term.screen[0].buffer[i] = NULL;
++
+ 	tresize(col, row);
+ 	treset();
+ }
+@@ -1046,14 +1080,42 @@ tnew(int col, int row)
+ void
+ tswapscreen(void)
+ {
+-	Line *tmp = term.line;
+-
+-	term.line = term.alt;
+-	term.alt = tmp;
+ 	term.mode ^= MODE_ALTSCREEN;
+ 	tfulldirt();
+ }
+ 
++void
++kscrollup(const Arg *a)
++{
++	int n = a->i;
++
++	if (IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
++		return;
++
++	if (n < 0) n = (-n) * term.row;
++	if (n > TSCREEN.size - term.row - TSCREEN.off) n = TSCREEN.size - term.row - TSCREEN.off;
++	while (!TLINE(-n)) --n;
++	TSCREEN.off += n;
++	selscroll(0, n);
++	tfulldirt();
++}
++
++void
++kscrolldown(const Arg *a)
++{
++
++	int n = a->i;
++
++	if (IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
++		return;
++
++	if (n < 0) n = (-n) * term.row;
++	if (n > TSCREEN.off) n = TSCREEN.off;
++	TSCREEN.off -= n;
++	selscroll(0, -n);
++	tfulldirt();
++}
++
+ void
+ tscrolldown(int orig, int n)
+ {
+@@ -1062,15 +1124,29 @@ tscrolldown(int orig, int n)
+ 
+ 	LIMIT(n, 0, term.bot-orig+1);
+ 
+-	tsetdirt(orig, term.bot-n);
+-	tclearregion(0, term.bot-n+1, term.col-1, term.bot);
++	/* Ensure that lines are allocated */
++	for (i = -n; i < 0; i++) {
++		TLINE(i) = ensureline(TLINE(i));
++	}
+ 
+-	for (i = term.bot; i >= orig+n; i--) {
+-		temp = term.line[i];
+-		term.line[i] = term.line[i-n];
+-		term.line[i-n] = temp;
++	/* Shift non-scrolling areas in ring buffer */
++	for (i = term.bot+1; i < term.row; i++) {
++		temp = TLINE(i);
++		TLINE(i) = TLINE(i-n);
++		TLINE(i-n) = temp;
++	}
++	for (i = 0; i < orig; i++) {
++		temp = TLINE(i);
++		TLINE(i) = TLINE(i-n);
++		TLINE(i-n) = temp;
+ 	}
+ 
++	/* Scroll buffer */
++	TSCREEN.cur = (TSCREEN.cur + TSCREEN.size - n) % TSCREEN.size;
++	/* Clear lines that have entered the view */
++	tclearregion(0, orig, term.linelen-1, orig+n-1);
++	/* Redraw portion of the screen that has scrolled */
++	tsetdirt(orig+n-1, term.bot);
+ 	selscroll(orig, n);
+ }
+ 
+@@ -1082,15 +1158,29 @@ tscrollup(int orig, int n)
+ 
+ 	LIMIT(n, 0, term.bot-orig+1);
+ 
+-	tclearregion(0, orig, term.col-1, orig+n-1);
+-	tsetdirt(orig+n, term.bot);
++	/* Ensure that lines are allocated */
++	for (i = term.row; i < term.row + n; i++) {
++		TLINE(i) = ensureline(TLINE(i));
++	}
+ 
+-	for (i = orig; i <= term.bot-n; i++) {
+-		temp = term.line[i];
+-		term.line[i] = term.line[i+n];
+-		term.line[i+n] = temp;
++	/* Shift non-scrolling areas in ring buffer */
++	for (i = orig-1; i >= 0; i--) {
++		temp = TLINE(i);
++		TLINE(i) = TLINE(i+n);
++		TLINE(i+n) = temp;
++	}
++	for (i = term.row-1; i >term.bot; i--) {
++		temp = TLINE(i);
++		TLINE(i) = TLINE(i+n);
++		TLINE(i+n) = temp;
+ 	}
+ 
++	/* Scroll buffer */
++	TSCREEN.cur = (TSCREEN.cur + n) % TSCREEN.size;
++	/* Clear lines that have entered the view */
++	tclearregion(0, term.bot-n+1, term.linelen-1, term.bot);
++	/* Redraw portion of the screen that has scrolled */
++	tsetdirt(orig, term.bot-n+1);
+ 	selscroll(orig, -n);
+ }
+ 
+@@ -1194,6 +1284,7 @@ tsetchar(Rune u, const Glyph *attr, int x, int y)
+ 		"⎻", "─", "⎼", "⎽", "├", "┤", "┴", "┬", /* p - w */
+ 		"│", "≤", "≥", "π", "≠", "£", "·", /* x - ~ */
+ 	};
++	Line line = TLINE(y);
+ 
+ 	/*
+ 	 * The table is proudly stolen from rxvt.
+@@ -1202,25 +1293,25 @@ tsetchar(Rune u, const Glyph *attr, int x, int y)
+ 	   BETWEEN(u, 0x41, 0x7e) && vt100_0[u - 0x41])
+ 		utf8decode(vt100_0[u - 0x41], &u, UTF_SIZ);
+ 
+-	if (term.line[y][x].mode & ATTR_WIDE) {
++	if (line[x].mode & ATTR_WIDE) {
+ 		if (x+1 < term.col) {
+-			term.line[y][x+1].u = ' ';
+-			term.line[y][x+1].mode &= ~ATTR_WDUMMY;
++			line[x+1].u = ' ';
++			line[x+1].mode &= ~ATTR_WDUMMY;
+ 		}
+-	} else if (term.line[y][x].mode & ATTR_WDUMMY) {
+-		term.line[y][x-1].u = ' ';
+-		term.line[y][x-1].mode &= ~ATTR_WIDE;
++	} else if (line[x].mode & ATTR_WDUMMY) {
++		line[x-1].u = ' ';
++		line[x-1].mode &= ~ATTR_WIDE;
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	term.dirty[y] = 1;
+-	term.line[y][x] = *attr;
+-	term.line[y][x].u = u;
++	line[x] = *attr;
++	line[x].u = u;
+ }
+ 
+ void
+ tclearregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
+ {
+-	int x, y, temp;
++	int x, y, L, S, temp;
+ 	Glyph *gp;
+ 
+ 	if (x1 > x2)
+@@ -1228,15 +1319,16 @@ tclearregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
+ 	if (y1 > y2)
+ 		temp = y1, y1 = y2, y2 = temp;
+ 
+-	LIMIT(x1, 0, term.col-1);
+-	LIMIT(x2, 0, term.col-1);
++	LIMIT(x1, 0, term.linelen-1);
++	LIMIT(x2, 0, term.linelen-1);
+ 	LIMIT(y1, 0, term.row-1);
+ 	LIMIT(y2, 0, term.row-1);
+ 
++	L = TLINEOFFSET(y1);
+ 	for (y = y1; y <= y2; y++) {
+ 		term.dirty[y] = 1;
+ 		for (x = x1; x <= x2; x++) {
+-			gp = &term.line[y][x];
++			gp = &TSCREEN.buffer[L][x];
+ 			if (selected(x, y))
+ 				selclear();
+ 			gp->fg = term.c.attr.fg;
+@@ -1244,6 +1336,7 @@ tclearregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
+ 			gp->mode = 0;
+ 			gp->u = ' ';
+ 		}
++		L = (L + 1) % TSCREEN.size;
+ 	}
+ }
+ 
+@@ -1258,7 +1351,7 @@ tdeletechar(int n)
+ 	dst = term.c.x;
+ 	src = term.c.x + n;
+ 	size = term.col - src;
+-	line = term.line[term.c.y];
++	line = TLINE(term.c.y);
+ 
+ 	memmove(&line[dst], &line[src], size * sizeof(Glyph));
+ 	tclearregion(term.col-n, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y);
+@@ -1275,7 +1368,7 @@ tinsertblank(int n)
+ 	dst = term.c.x + n;
+ 	src = term.c.x;
+ 	size = term.col - dst;
+-	line = term.line[term.c.y];
++	line = TLINE(term.c.y);
+ 
+ 	memmove(&line[dst], &line[src], size * sizeof(Glyph));
+ 	tclearregion(src, term.c.y, dst - 1, term.c.y);
+@@ -2079,7 +2172,7 @@ tdumpline(int n)
+ 	char buf[UTF_SIZ];
+ 	const Glyph *bp, *end;
+ 
+-	bp = &term.line[n][0];
++	bp = &TLINE(n)[0];
+ 	end = &bp[MIN(tlinelen(n), term.col) - 1];
+ 	if (bp != end || bp->u != ' ') {
+ 		for ( ; bp <= end; ++bp)
+@@ -2466,11 +2559,11 @@ check_control_code:
+ 	if (selected(term.c.x, term.c.y))
+ 		selclear();
+ 
+-	gp = &term.line[term.c.y][term.c.x];
++	gp = &TLINE(term.c.y)[term.c.x];
+ 	if (IS_SET(MODE_WRAP) && (term.c.state & CURSOR_WRAPNEXT)) {
+ 		gp->mode |= ATTR_WRAP;
+ 		tnewline(1);
+-		gp = &term.line[term.c.y][term.c.x];
++		gp = &TLINE(term.c.y)[term.c.x];
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	if (IS_SET(MODE_INSERT) && term.c.x+width < term.col) {
+@@ -2483,7 +2576,7 @@ check_control_code:
+ 			tnewline(1);
+ 		else
+ 			tmoveto(term.col - width, term.c.y);
+-		gp = &term.line[term.c.y][term.c.x];
++		gp = &TLINE(term.c.y)[term.c.x];
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	tsetchar(u, &term.c.attr, term.c.x, term.c.y);
+@@ -2514,6 +2607,11 @@ twrite(const char *buf, int buflen, int show_ctrl)
+ 	Rune u;
+ 	int n;
+ 
++	if (TSCREEN.off) {
++		TSCREEN.off = 0;
++		tfulldirt();
++	}
++
+ 	for (n = 0; n < buflen; n += charsize) {
+ 		if (IS_SET(MODE_UTF8)) {
+ 			/* process a complete utf8 char */
+@@ -2540,56 +2638,85 @@ twrite(const char *buf, int buflen, int show_ctrl)
+ }
+ 
+ void
+-tresize(int col, int row)
++clearline(Line line, Glyph g, int x, int xend)
+ {
+ 	int i;
++	g.mode = 0;
++	g.u = ' ';
++	for (i = x; i < xend; ++i) {
++		line[i] = g;
++	}
++}
++
++Line
++ensureline(Line line)
++{
++	if (!line) {
++		line = xmalloc(term.linelen * sizeof(Glyph));
++	}
++	return line;
++}
++
++void
++tresize(int col, int row)
++{
++	int i, j;
+ 	int minrow = MIN(row, term.row);
+ 	int mincol = MIN(col, term.col);
++	int linelen = MAX(col, term.linelen);
+ 	int *bp;
+-	TCursor c;
+ 
+-	if (col < 1 || row < 1) {
++	if (col < 1 || row < 1 || row > HISTSIZE) {
+ 		fprintf(stderr,
+ 		        "tresize: error resizing to %dx%d\n", col, row);
+ 		return;
+ 	}
+ 
+-	/*
+-	 * slide screen to keep cursor where we expect it -
+-	 * tscrollup would work here, but we can optimize to
+-	 * memmove because we're freeing the earlier lines
+-	 */
+-	for (i = 0; i <= term.c.y - row; i++) {
+-		free(term.line[i]);
+-		free(term.alt[i]);
++	/* Shift buffer to keep the cursor where we expect it */
++	if (row <= term.c.y) {
++		term.screen[0].cur = (term.screen[0].cur - row + term.c.y + 1) % term.screen[0].size;
++	}
++
++	/* Resize and clear line buffers as needed */
++	if (linelen > term.linelen) {
++		for (i = 0; i < term.screen[0].size; ++i) {
++			if (term.screen[0].buffer[i]) {
++				term.screen[0].buffer[i] = xrealloc(term.screen[0].buffer[i], linelen * sizeof(Glyph));
++				clearline(term.screen[0].buffer[i], term.c.attr, term.linelen, linelen);
++			}
++		}
++		for (i = 0; i < minrow; ++i) {
++			term.screen[1].buffer[i] = xrealloc(term.screen[1].buffer[i], linelen * sizeof(Glyph));
++			clearline(term.screen[1].buffer[i], term.c.attr, term.linelen, linelen);
++		}
+ 	}
+-	/* ensure that both src and dst are not NULL */
+-	if (i > 0) {
+-		memmove(term.line, term.line + i, row * sizeof(Line));
+-		memmove(term.alt, term.alt + i, row * sizeof(Line));
++	/* Allocate all visible lines for regular line buffer */
++	for (j = term.screen[0].cur, i = 0; i < row; ++i, j = (j + 1) % term.screen[0].size)
++	{
++		if (!term.screen[0].buffer[j]) {
++			term.screen[0].buffer[j] = xmalloc(linelen * sizeof(Glyph));
++		}
++		if (i >= term.row) {
++			clearline(term.screen[0].buffer[j], term.c.attr, 0, linelen);
++		}
+ 	}
+-	for (i += row; i < term.row; i++) {
+-		free(term.line[i]);
+-		free(term.alt[i]);
++	/* Resize alt screen */
++	term.screen[1].cur = 0;
++	term.screen[1].size = row;
++	for (i = row; i < term.row; ++i) {
++		free(term.screen[1].buffer[i]);
++	}
++	term.screen[1].buffer = xrealloc(term.screen[1].buffer, row * sizeof(Line));
++	for (i = term.row; i < row; ++i) {
++		term.screen[1].buffer[i] = xmalloc(linelen * sizeof(Glyph));
++		clearline(term.screen[1].buffer[i], term.c.attr, 0, linelen);
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	/* resize to new height */
+-	term.line = xrealloc(term.line, row * sizeof(Line));
+-	term.alt  = xrealloc(term.alt,  row * sizeof(Line));
+ 	term.dirty = xrealloc(term.dirty, row * sizeof(*term.dirty));
+ 	term.tabs = xrealloc(term.tabs, col * sizeof(*term.tabs));
+ 
+-	/* resize each row to new width, zero-pad if needed */
+-	for (i = 0; i < minrow; i++) {
+-		term.line[i] = xrealloc(term.line[i], col * sizeof(Glyph));
+-		term.alt[i]  = xrealloc(term.alt[i],  col * sizeof(Glyph));
+-	}
+-
+-	/* allocate any new rows */
+-	for (/* i = minrow */; i < row; i++) {
+-		term.line[i] = xmalloc(col * sizeof(Glyph));
+-		term.alt[i] = xmalloc(col * sizeof(Glyph));
+-	}
++	/* fix tabstops */
+ 	if (col > term.col) {
+ 		bp = term.tabs + term.col;
+ 
+@@ -2599,26 +2726,16 @@ tresize(int col, int row)
+ 		for (bp += tabspaces; bp < term.tabs + col; bp += tabspaces)
+ 			*bp = 1;
+ 	}
++
+ 	/* update terminal size */
+ 	term.col = col;
+ 	term.row = row;
++	term.linelen = linelen;
+ 	/* reset scrolling region */
+ 	tsetscroll(0, row-1);
+ 	/* make use of the LIMIT in tmoveto */
+ 	tmoveto(term.c.x, term.c.y);
+-	/* Clearing both screens (it makes dirty all lines) */
+-	c = term.c;
+-	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+-		if (mincol < col && 0 < minrow) {
+-			tclearregion(mincol, 0, col - 1, minrow - 1);
+-		}
+-		if (0 < col && minrow < row) {
+-			tclearregion(0, minrow, col - 1, row - 1);
+-		}
+-		tswapscreen();
+-		tcursor(CURSOR_LOAD);
+-	}
+-	term.c = c;
++	tfulldirt();
+ }
+ 
+ void
+@@ -2630,14 +2747,15 @@ resettitle(void)
+ void
+ drawregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
+ {
+-	int y;
++	int y, L;
+ 
++	L = TLINEOFFSET(y1);
+ 	for (y = y1; y < y2; y++) {
+-		if (!term.dirty[y])
+-			continue;
+-
+-		term.dirty[y] = 0;
+-		xdrawline(term.line[y], x1, y, x2);
++		if (term.dirty[y]) {
++			term.dirty[y] = 0;
++			xdrawline(TSCREEN.buffer[L], x1, y, x2);
++		}
++		L = (L + 1) % TSCREEN.size;
+ 	}
+ }
+ 
+@@ -2652,14 +2770,15 @@ draw(void)
+ 	/* adjust cursor position */
+ 	LIMIT(term.ocx, 0, term.col-1);
+ 	LIMIT(term.ocy, 0, term.row-1);
+-	if (term.line[term.ocy][term.ocx].mode & ATTR_WDUMMY)
++	if (TLINE(term.ocy)[term.ocx].mode & ATTR_WDUMMY)
+ 		term.ocx--;
+-	if (term.line[term.c.y][cx].mode & ATTR_WDUMMY)
++	if (TLINE(term.c.y)[cx].mode & ATTR_WDUMMY)
+ 		cx--;
+ 
+ 	drawregion(0, 0, term.col, term.row);
+-	xdrawcursor(cx, term.c.y, term.line[term.c.y][cx],
+-			term.ocx, term.ocy, term.line[term.ocy][term.ocx]);
++	if (TSCREEN.off == 0)
++		xdrawcursor(cx, term.c.y, TLINE(term.c.y)[cx],
++				term.ocx, term.ocy, TLINE(term.ocy)[term.ocx]);
+ 	term.ocx = cx;
+ 	term.ocy = term.c.y;
+ 	xfinishdraw();
+diff --git a/st.h b/st.h
+index fd3b0d8..3cea73b 100644
+--- a/st.h
++++ b/st.h
+@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
+ 
+ #define TRUECOLOR(r,g,b)	(1 << 24 | (r) << 16 | (g) << 8 | (b))
+ #define IS_TRUECOL(x)		(1 << 24 & (x))
++#define HISTSIZE            2000
+ 
+ enum glyph_attribute {
+ 	ATTR_NULL       = 0,
+diff --git a/x.c b/x.c
+index bd23686..25785a6 100644
+--- a/x.c
++++ b/x.c
+@@ -59,6 +59,8 @@ static void zoom(const Arg *);
+ static void zoomabs(const Arg *);
+ static void zoomreset(const Arg *);
+ static void ttysend(const Arg *);
++void kscrollup(const Arg *);
++void kscrolldown(const Arg *);
+ 
+ /* config.h for applying patches and the configuration. */
+ #include "config.h"

st.c

@@ -43,6 +43,10 @@
 #define ISCONTROL(c)		(ISCONTROLC0(c) || ISCONTROLC1(c))
 #define ISDELIM(u)		(u && wcschr(worddelimiters, u))
 
+#define TSCREEN term.screen[IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN)]
+#define TLINEOFFSET(y) (((y) + TSCREEN.cur - TSCREEN.off + TSCREEN.size) % TSCREEN.size)
+#define TLINE(y) (TSCREEN.buffer[TLINEOFFSET(y)])
+
 enum term_mode {
 	MODE_WRAP        = 1 << 0,
 	MODE_INSERT      = 1 << 1,
@@ -109,12 +113,21 @@ typedef struct {
 	int alt;
 } Selection;
 
+/* Screen lines */
+typedef struct {
+	Line* buffer;  /* ring buffer */
+	int size;      /* size of buffer */
+	int cur;       /* start of active screen */
+	int off;       /* scrollback line offset */
+	TCursor sc;    /* saved cursor */
+} LineBuffer;
+
 /* Internal representation of the screen */
 typedef struct {
 	int row;      /* nb row */
 	int col;      /* nb col */
-	Line *line;   /* screen */
-	Line *alt;    /* alternate screen */
+	LineBuffer screen[2]; /* screen and alternate screen */
+	int linelen;  /* allocated line length */
 	int *dirty;   /* dirtyness of lines */
 	TCursor c;    /* cursor */
 	int ocx;      /* old cursor col */
@@ -161,6 +174,7 @@ static void csidump(void);
 static void csihandle(void);
 static void csiparse(void);
 static void csireset(void);
+static void osc_color_response(int, int, int);
 static int eschandle(uchar);
 static void strdump(void);
 static void strhandle(void);
@@ -202,6 +216,8 @@ static void tdeftran(char);
 static void tstrsequence(uchar);
 
 static void drawregion(int, int, int, int);
+static void clearline(Line, Glyph, int, int);
+static Line ensureline(Line);
 
 static void selnormalize(void);
 static void selscroll(int, int);
@@ -349,25 +365,10 @@ utf8validate(Rune *u, size_t i)
 	return i;
 }
 
-static const char base64_digits[] = {
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 62, 0, 0, 0,
-	63, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,
-	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
-	22, 23, 24, 25, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34,
-	35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 0,
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
-};
-
 char
 base64dec_getc(const char **src)
 {
-	while (**src && !isprint(**src))
+	while (**src && !isprint((unsigned char)**src))
 		(*src)++;
 	return **src ? *((*src)++) : '=';  /* emulate padding if string ends */
 }
@@ -377,6 +378,13 @@ base64dec(const char *src)
 {
 	size_t in_len = strlen(src);
 	char *result, *dst;
+	static const char base64_digits[256] = {
+		[43] = 62, 0, 0, 0, 63, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61,
+		0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
+		13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39,
+		40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51
+	};
 
 	if (in_len % 4)
 		in_len += 4 - (in_len % 4);
@@ -415,11 +423,12 @@ int
 tlinelen(int y)
 {
 	int i = term.col;
+	Line line = TLINE(y);
 
-	if (term.line[y][i - 1].mode & ATTR_WRAP)
+	if (line[i - 1].mode & ATTR_WRAP)
 		return i;
 
-	while (i > 0 && term.line[y][i - 1].u == ' ')
+	while (i > 0 && line[i - 1].u == ' ')
 		--i;
 
 	return i;
@@ -528,7 +537,7 @@ selsnap(int *x, int *y, int direction)
 		 * Snap around if the word wraps around at the end or
 		 * beginning of a line.
 		 */
-		prevgp = &term.line[*y][*x];
+		prevgp = &TLINE(*y)[*x];
 		prevdelim = ISDELIM(prevgp->u);
 		for (;;) {
 			newx = *x + direction;
@@ -543,14 +552,14 @@ selsnap(int *x, int *y, int direction)
 					yt = *y, xt = *x;
 				else
 					yt = newy, xt = newx;
-				if (!(term.line[yt][xt].mode & ATTR_WRAP))
+				if (!(TLINE(yt)[xt].mode & ATTR_WRAP))
 					break;
 			}
 
 			if (newx >= tlinelen(newy))
 				break;
 
-			gp = &term.line[newy][newx];
+			gp = &TLINE(newy)[newx];
 			delim = ISDELIM(gp->u);
 			if (!(gp->mode & ATTR_WDUMMY) && (delim != prevdelim
 					|| (delim && gp->u != prevgp->u)))
@@ -571,14 +580,14 @@ selsnap(int *x, int *y, int direction)
 		*x = (direction < 0) ? 0 : term.col - 1;
 		if (direction < 0) {
 			for (; *y > 0; *y += direction) {
-				if (!(term.line[*y-1][term.col-1].mode
+				if (!(TLINE(*y-1)[term.col-1].mode
 						& ATTR_WRAP)) {
 					break;
 				}
 			}
 		} else if (direction > 0) {
 			for (; *y < term.row-1; *y += direction) {
-				if (!(term.line[*y][term.col-1].mode
+				if (!(TLINE(*y)[term.col-1].mode
 						& ATTR_WRAP)) {
 					break;
 				}
@@ -609,13 +618,13 @@ getsel(void)
 		}
 
 		if (sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR) {
-			gp = &term.line[y][sel.nb.x];
+			gp = &TLINE(y)[sel.nb.x];
 			lastx = sel.ne.x;
 		} else {
-			gp = &term.line[y][sel.nb.y == y ? sel.nb.x : 0];
+			gp = &TLINE(y)[sel.nb.y == y ? sel.nb.x : 0];
 			lastx = (sel.ne.y == y) ? sel.ne.x : term.col-1;
 		}
-		last = &term.line[y][MIN(lastx, linelen-1)];
+		last = &TLINE(y)[MIN(lastx, linelen-1)];
 		while (last >= gp && last->u == ' ')
 			--last;
 
@@ -946,7 +955,7 @@ ttyresize(int tw, int th)
 }
 
 void
-ttyhangup()
+ttyhangup(void)
 {
 	/* Send SIGHUP to shell */
 	kill(pid, SIGHUP);
@@ -956,12 +965,15 @@ int
 tattrset(int attr)
 {
 	int i, j;
+	int y = TLINEOFFSET(0);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < term.row-1; i++) {
+		Line line = TSCREEN.buffer[y];
 		for (j = 0; j < term.col-1; j++) {
-			if (term.line[i][j].mode & attr)
+			if (line[j].mode & attr)
 				return 1;
 		}
+		y = (y+1) % TSCREEN.size;
 	}
 
 	return 0;
@@ -983,14 +995,17 @@ void
 tsetdirtattr(int attr)
 {
 	int i, j;
+	int y = TLINEOFFSET(0);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < term.row-1; i++) {
+		Line line = TSCREEN.buffer[y];
 		for (j = 0; j < term.col-1; j++) {
-			if (term.line[i][j].mode & attr) {
+			if (line[j].mode & attr) {
 				tsetdirt(i, i);
 				break;
 			}
 		}
+		y = (y+1) % TSCREEN.size;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1003,27 +1018,19 @@ tfulldirt(void)
 void
 tcursor(int mode)
 {
-	static TCursor c[2];
-	int alt = IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN);
-
 	if (mode == CURSOR_SAVE) {
-		c[alt] = term.c;
+		TSCREEN.sc = term.c;
 	} else if (mode == CURSOR_LOAD) {
-		term.c = c[alt];
-		tmoveto(c[alt].x, c[alt].y);
+		term.c = TSCREEN.sc;
+		tmoveto(term.c.x, term.c.y);
 	}
 }
 
 void
 treset(void)
 {
-	uint i;
-
-	term.c = (TCursor){{
-		.mode = ATTR_NULL,
-		.fg = defaultfg,
-		.bg = defaultbg
-	}, .x = 0, .y = 0, .state = CURSOR_DEFAULT};
+	int i, j;
+	Glyph g = (Glyph){ .fg = defaultfg, .bg = defaultbg};
 
 	memset(term.tabs, 0, term.col * sizeof(*term.tabs));
 	for (i = tabspaces; i < term.col; i += tabspaces)
@@ -1035,17 +1042,37 @@ treset(void)
 	term.charset = 0;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-		tmoveto(0, 0);
-		tcursor(CURSOR_SAVE);
-		tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.row-1);
-		tswapscreen();
+		term.screen[i].sc = (TCursor){{
+			.fg = defaultfg,
+			.bg = defaultbg
+		}};
+		term.screen[i].cur = 0;
+		term.screen[i].off = 0;
+		for (j = 0; j < term.row; ++j) {
+			if (term.col != term.linelen)
+				term.screen[i].buffer[j] = xrealloc(term.screen[i].buffer[j], term.col * sizeof(Glyph));
+			clearline(term.screen[i].buffer[j], g, 0, term.col);
+		}
+		for (j = term.row; j < term.screen[i].size; ++j) {
+			free(term.screen[i].buffer[j]);
+			term.screen[i].buffer[j] = NULL;
+		}
 	}
+	tcursor(CURSOR_LOAD);
+	term.linelen = term.col;
+	tfulldirt();
 }
 
 void
 tnew(int col, int row)
 {
-	term = (Term){ .c = { .attr = { .fg = defaultfg, .bg = defaultbg } } };
+	int i;
+	term = (Term){};
+	term.screen[0].buffer = xmalloc(HISTSIZE * sizeof(Line));
+	term.screen[0].size = HISTSIZE;
+	term.screen[1].buffer = NULL;
+	for (i = 0; i < HISTSIZE; ++i) term.screen[0].buffer[i] = NULL;
+
 	tresize(col, row);
 	treset();
 }
@@ -1053,14 +1080,42 @@ tnew(int col, int row)
 void
 tswapscreen(void)
 {
-	Line *tmp = term.line;
-
-	term.line = term.alt;
-	term.alt = tmp;
 	term.mode ^= MODE_ALTSCREEN;
 	tfulldirt();
 }
 
+void
+kscrollup(const Arg *a)
+{
+	float n = a->f;
+
+	if (IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
+		return;
+
+	if (n < 0) n = MAX((-n) * term.row, 1);
+	if (n > TSCREEN.size - term.row - TSCREEN.off) n = TSCREEN.size - term.row - TSCREEN.off;
+	while (!TLINE((int)-n)) --n;
+	TSCREEN.off += n;
+	selscroll(0, n);
+	tfulldirt();
+}
+
+void
+kscrolldown(const Arg *a)
+{
+
+	float n = a->f;
+
+	if (IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
+		return;
+
+	if (n < 0) n = MAX((-n) * term.row, 1);
+	if (n > TSCREEN.off) n = TSCREEN.off;
+	TSCREEN.off -= n;
+	selscroll(0, -n);
+	tfulldirt();
+}
+
 void
 tscrolldown(int orig, int n)
 {
@@ -1069,15 +1124,29 @@ tscrolldown(int orig, int n)
 
 	LIMIT(n, 0, term.bot-orig+1);
 
-	tsetdirt(orig, term.bot-n);
-	tclearregion(0, term.bot-n+1, term.col-1, term.bot);
-
-	for (i = term.bot; i >= orig+n; i--) {
-		temp = term.line[i];
-		term.line[i] = term.line[i-n];
-		term.line[i-n] = temp;
+	/* Ensure that lines are allocated */
+	for (i = -n; i < 0; i++) {
+		TLINE(i) = ensureline(TLINE(i));
 	}
 
+	/* Shift non-scrolling areas in ring buffer */
+	for (i = term.bot+1; i < term.row; i++) {
+		temp = TLINE(i);
+		TLINE(i) = TLINE(i-n);
+		TLINE(i-n) = temp;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < orig; i++) {
+		temp = TLINE(i);
+		TLINE(i) = TLINE(i-n);
+		TLINE(i-n) = temp;
+	}
+
+	/* Scroll buffer */
+	TSCREEN.cur = (TSCREEN.cur + TSCREEN.size - n) % TSCREEN.size;
+	/* Clear lines that have entered the view */
+	tclearregion(0, orig, term.linelen-1, orig+n-1);
+	/* Redraw portion of the screen that has scrolled */
+	tsetdirt(orig+n-1, term.bot);
 	selscroll(orig, n);
 }
 
@@ -1089,22 +1158,36 @@ tscrollup(int orig, int n)
 
 	LIMIT(n, 0, term.bot-orig+1);
 
-	tclearregion(0, orig, term.col-1, orig+n-1);
-	tsetdirt(orig+n, term.bot);
-
-	for (i = orig; i <= term.bot-n; i++) {
-		temp = term.line[i];
-		term.line[i] = term.line[i+n];
-		term.line[i+n] = temp;
+	/* Ensure that lines are allocated */
+	for (i = term.row; i < term.row + n; i++) {
+		TLINE(i) = ensureline(TLINE(i));
 	}
 
+	/* Shift non-scrolling areas in ring buffer */
+	for (i = orig-1; i >= 0; i--) {
+		temp = TLINE(i);
+		TLINE(i) = TLINE(i+n);
+		TLINE(i+n) = temp;
+	}
+	for (i = term.row-1; i >term.bot; i--) {
+		temp = TLINE(i);
+		TLINE(i) = TLINE(i+n);
+		TLINE(i+n) = temp;
+	}
+
+	/* Scroll buffer */
+	TSCREEN.cur = (TSCREEN.cur + n) % TSCREEN.size;
+	/* Clear lines that have entered the view */
+	tclearregion(0, term.bot-n+1, term.linelen-1, term.bot);
+	/* Redraw portion of the screen that has scrolled */
+	tsetdirt(orig, term.bot-n+1);
 	selscroll(orig, -n);
 }
 
 void
 selscroll(int orig, int n)
 {
-	if (sel.ob.x == -1)
+	if (sel.ob.x == -1 || sel.alt != IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
 		return;
 
 	if (BETWEEN(sel.nb.y, orig, term.bot) != BETWEEN(sel.ne.y, orig, term.bot)) {
@@ -1139,6 +1222,7 @@ csiparse(void)
 {
 	char *p = csiescseq.buf, *np;
 	long int v;
+	int sep = ';'; /* colon or semi-colon, but not both */
 
 	csiescseq.narg = 0;
 	if (*p == '?') {
@@ -1156,7 +1240,9 @@ csiparse(void)
 			v = -1;
 		csiescseq.arg[csiescseq.narg++] = v;
 		p = np;
-		if (*p != ';' || csiescseq.narg == ESC_ARG_SIZ)
+		if (sep == ';' && *p == ':')
+			sep = ':'; /* allow override to colon once */
+		if (*p != sep || csiescseq.narg == ESC_ARG_SIZ)
 			break;
 		p++;
 	}
@@ -1201,6 +1287,7 @@ tsetchar(Rune u, const Glyph *attr, int x, int y)
 		"⎻", "─", "⎼", "⎽", "├", "┤", "┴", "┬", /* p - w */
 		"│", "≤", "≥", "π", "≠", "£", "·", /* x - ~ */
 	};
+	Line line = TLINE(y);
 
 	/*
 	 * The table is proudly stolen from rxvt.
@@ -1209,25 +1296,25 @@ tsetchar(Rune u, const Glyph *attr, int x, int y)
 	   BETWEEN(u, 0x41, 0x7e) && vt100_0[u - 0x41])
 		utf8decode(vt100_0[u - 0x41], &u, UTF_SIZ);
 
-	if (term.line[y][x].mode & ATTR_WIDE) {
+	if (line[x].mode & ATTR_WIDE) {
 		if (x+1 < term.col) {
-			term.line[y][x+1].u = ' ';
-			term.line[y][x+1].mode &= ~ATTR_WDUMMY;
+			line[x+1].u = ' ';
+			line[x+1].mode &= ~ATTR_WDUMMY;
 		}
-	} else if (term.line[y][x].mode & ATTR_WDUMMY) {
-		term.line[y][x-1].u = ' ';
-		term.line[y][x-1].mode &= ~ATTR_WIDE;
+	} else if (line[x].mode & ATTR_WDUMMY) {
+		line[x-1].u = ' ';
+		line[x-1].mode &= ~ATTR_WIDE;
 	}
 
 	term.dirty[y] = 1;
-	term.line[y][x] = *attr;
-	term.line[y][x].u = u;
+	line[x] = *attr;
+	line[x].u = u;
 }
 
 void
 tclearregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
 {
-	int x, y, temp;
+	int x, y, L, S, temp;
 	Glyph *gp;
 
 	if (x1 > x2)
@@ -1235,15 +1322,16 @@ tclearregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
 	if (y1 > y2)
 		temp = y1, y1 = y2, y2 = temp;
 
-	LIMIT(x1, 0, term.col-1);
-	LIMIT(x2, 0, term.col-1);
+	LIMIT(x1, 0, term.linelen-1);
+	LIMIT(x2, 0, term.linelen-1);
 	LIMIT(y1, 0, term.row-1);
 	LIMIT(y2, 0, term.row-1);
 
+	L = TLINEOFFSET(y1);
 	for (y = y1; y <= y2; y++) {
 		term.dirty[y] = 1;
 		for (x = x1; x <= x2; x++) {
-			gp = &term.line[y][x];
+			gp = &TSCREEN.buffer[L][x];
 			if (selected(x, y))
 				selclear();
 			gp->fg = term.c.attr.fg;
@@ -1251,6 +1339,7 @@ tclearregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
 			gp->mode = 0;
 			gp->u = ' ';
 		}
+		L = (L + 1) % TSCREEN.size;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1265,7 +1354,7 @@ tdeletechar(int n)
 	dst = term.c.x;
 	src = term.c.x + n;
 	size = term.col - src;
-	line = term.line[term.c.y];
+	line = TLINE(term.c.y);
 
 	memmove(&line[dst], &line[src], size * sizeof(Glyph));
 	tclearregion(term.col-n, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y);
@@ -1282,7 +1371,7 @@ tinsertblank(int n)
 	dst = term.c.x + n;
 	src = term.c.x;
 	size = term.col - dst;
-	line = term.line[term.c.y];
+	line = TLINE(term.c.y);
 
 	memmove(&line[dst], &line[src], size * sizeof(Glyph));
 	tclearregion(src, term.c.y, dst - 1, term.c.y);
@@ -1650,7 +1739,7 @@ csihandle(void)
 			ttywrite(vtiden, strlen(vtiden), 0);
 		break;
 	case 'b': /* REP -- if last char is printable print it <n> more times */
-		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
+		LIMIT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1, 65535);
 		if (term.lastc)
 			while (csiescseq.arg[0]-- > 0)
 				tputc(term.lastc);
@@ -1709,7 +1798,7 @@ csihandle(void)
 			}
 			break;
 		case 1: /* above */
-			if (term.c.y > 1)
+			if (term.c.y > 0)
 				tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.c.y-1);
 			tclearregion(0, term.c.y, term.c.x, term.c.y);
 			break;
@@ -1735,6 +1824,7 @@ csihandle(void)
 		}
 		break;
 	case 'S': /* SU -- Scroll <n> line up */
+		if (csiescseq.priv) break;
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 		tscrollup(term.top, csiescseq.arg[0]);
 		break;
@@ -1776,11 +1866,18 @@ csihandle(void)
 	case 'm': /* SGR -- Terminal attribute (color) */
 		tsetattr(csiescseq.arg, csiescseq.narg);
 		break;
-	case 'n': /* DSR – Device Status Report (cursor position) */
-		if (csiescseq.arg[0] == 6) {
+	case 'n': /* DSR -- Device Status Report */
+		switch (csiescseq.arg[0]) {
+		case 5: /* Status Report "OK" `0n` */
+			ttywrite("\033[0n", sizeof("\033[0n") - 1, 0);
+			break;
+		case 6: /* Report Cursor Position (CPR) "<row>;<column>R" */
 			len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\033[%i;%iR",
-					term.c.y+1, term.c.x+1);
+			               term.c.y+1, term.c.x+1);
 			ttywrite(buf, len, 0);
+			break;
+		default:
+			goto unknown;
 		}
 		break;
 	case 'r': /* DECSTBM -- Set Scrolling Region */
@@ -1797,7 +1894,11 @@ csihandle(void)
 		tcursor(CURSOR_SAVE);
 		break;
 	case 'u': /* DECRC -- Restore cursor position (ANSI.SYS) */
-		tcursor(CURSOR_LOAD);
+		if (csiescseq.priv) {
+			goto unknown;
+		} else {
+			tcursor(CURSOR_LOAD);
+		}
 		break;
 	case ' ':
 		switch (csiescseq.mode[1]) {
@@ -1843,39 +1944,28 @@ csireset(void)
 }
 
 void
-osc4_color_response(int num)
+osc_color_response(int num, int index, int is_osc4)
 {
 	int n;
 	char buf[32];
 	unsigned char r, g, b;
 
-	if (xgetcolor(num, &r, &g, &b)) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "erresc: failed to fetch osc4 color %d\n", num);
+	if (xgetcolor(is_osc4 ? num : index, &r, &g, &b)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "erresc: failed to fetch %s color %d\n",
+		        is_osc4 ? "osc4" : "osc",
+		        is_osc4 ? num : index);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	n = snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "\033]4;%d;rgb:%02x%02x/%02x%02x/%02x%02x\007",
-		     num, r, r, g, g, b, b);
-
-	ttywrite(buf, n, 1);
-}
-
-void
-osc_color_response(int index, int num)
-{
-	int n;
-	char buf[32];
-	unsigned char r, g, b;
-
-	if (xgetcolor(index, &r, &g, &b)) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "erresc: failed to fetch osc color %d\n", index);
-		return;
+	n = snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "\033]%s%d;rgb:%02x%02x/%02x%02x/%02x%02x\007",
+	             is_osc4 ? "4;" : "", num, r, r, g, g, b, b);
+	if (n < 0 || n >= sizeof(buf)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "error: %s while printing %s response\n",
+		        n < 0 ? "snprintf failed" : "truncation occurred",
+		        is_osc4 ? "osc4" : "osc");
+	} else {
+		ttywrite(buf, n, 1);
 	}
-
-	n = snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "\033]%d;rgb:%02x%02x/%02x%02x/%02x%02x\007",
-		     num, r, r, g, g, b, b);
-
-	ttywrite(buf, n, 1);
 }
 
 void
@@ -1883,6 +1973,11 @@ strhandle(void)
 {
 	char *p = NULL, *dec;
 	int j, narg, par;
+	const struct { int idx; char *str; } osc_table[] = {
+		{ defaultfg, "foreground" },
+		{ defaultbg, "background" },
+		{ defaultcs, "cursor" }
+	};
 
 	term.esc &= ~(ESC_STR_END|ESC_STR);
 	strparse();
@@ -1917,43 +2012,22 @@ strhandle(void)
 			}
 			return;
 		case 10:
-			if (narg < 2)
-				break;
-
-			p = strescseq.args[1];
-
-			if (!strcmp(p, "?"))
-				osc_color_response(defaultfg, 10);
-			else if (xsetcolorname(defaultfg, p))
-				fprintf(stderr, "erresc: invalid foreground color: %s\n", p);
-			else
-				redraw();
-			return;
 		case 11:
-			if (narg < 2)
-				break;
-
-			p = strescseq.args[1];
-
-			if (!strcmp(p, "?"))
-				osc_color_response(defaultbg, 11);
-			else if (xsetcolorname(defaultbg, p))
-				fprintf(stderr, "erresc: invalid background color: %s\n", p);
-			else
-				redraw();
-			return;
 		case 12:
 			if (narg < 2)
 				break;
-
 			p = strescseq.args[1];
+			if ((j = par - 10) < 0 || j >= LEN(osc_table))
+				break; /* shouldn't be possible */
 
-			if (!strcmp(p, "?"))
-				osc_color_response(defaultcs, 12);
-			else if (xsetcolorname(defaultcs, p))
-				fprintf(stderr, "erresc: invalid cursor color: %s\n", p);
-			else
-				redraw();
+			if (!strcmp(p, "?")) {
+				osc_color_response(par, osc_table[j].idx, 0);
+			} else if (xsetcolorname(osc_table[j].idx, p)) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "erresc: invalid %s color: %s\n",
+				        osc_table[j].str, p);
+			} else {
+				tfulldirt();
+			}
 			return;
 		case 4: /* color set */
 			if (narg < 3)
@@ -1963,11 +2037,13 @@ strhandle(void)
 		case 104: /* color reset */
 			j = (narg > 1) ? atoi(strescseq.args[1]) : -1;
 
-			if (p && !strcmp(p, "?"))
-				osc4_color_response(j);
-			else if (xsetcolorname(j, p)) {
-				if (par == 104 && narg <= 1)
+			if (p && !strcmp(p, "?")) {
+				osc_color_response(j, 0, 1);
+			} else if (xsetcolorname(j, p)) {
+				if (par == 104 && narg <= 1) {
+					xloadcols();
 					return; /* color reset without parameter */
+				}
 				fprintf(stderr, "erresc: invalid color j=%d, p=%s\n",
 				        j, p ? p : "(null)");
 			} else {
@@ -1975,7 +2051,7 @@ strhandle(void)
 				 * TODO if defaultbg color is changed, borders
 				 * are dirty
 				 */
-				redraw();
+				tfulldirt();
 			}
 			return;
 		}
@@ -2103,7 +2179,7 @@ tdumpline(int n)
 	char buf[UTF_SIZ];
 	const Glyph *bp, *end;
 
-	bp = &term.line[n][0];
+	bp = &TLINE(n)[0];
 	end = &bp[MIN(tlinelen(n), term.col) - 1];
 	if (bp != end || bp->u != ' ') {
 		for ( ; bp <= end; ++bp)
@@ -2355,6 +2431,7 @@ eschandle(uchar ascii)
 		treset();
 		resettitle();
 		xloadcols();
+		xsetmode(0, MODE_HIDE);
 		break;
 	case '=': /* DECPAM -- Application keypad */
 		xsetmode(1, MODE_APPKEYPAD);
@@ -2447,6 +2524,9 @@ check_control_code:
 	 * they must not cause conflicts with sequences.
 	 */
 	if (control) {
+		/* in UTF-8 mode ignore handling C1 control characters */
+		if (IS_SET(MODE_UTF8) && ISCONTROLC1(u))
+			return;
 		tcontrolcode(u);
 		/*
 		 * control codes are not shown ever
@@ -2486,19 +2566,24 @@ check_control_code:
 	if (selected(term.c.x, term.c.y))
 		selclear();
 
-	gp = &term.line[term.c.y][term.c.x];
+	gp = &TLINE(term.c.y)[term.c.x];
 	if (IS_SET(MODE_WRAP) && (term.c.state & CURSOR_WRAPNEXT)) {
 		gp->mode |= ATTR_WRAP;
 		tnewline(1);
-		gp = &term.line[term.c.y][term.c.x];
+		gp = &TLINE(term.c.y)[term.c.x];
 	}
 
-	if (IS_SET(MODE_INSERT) && term.c.x+width < term.col)
+	if (IS_SET(MODE_INSERT) && term.c.x+width < term.col) {
 		memmove(gp+width, gp, (term.col - term.c.x - width) * sizeof(Glyph));
+		gp->mode &= ~ATTR_WIDE;
+	}
 
 	if (term.c.x+width > term.col) {
-		tnewline(1);
-		gp = &term.line[term.c.y][term.c.x];
+		if (IS_SET(MODE_WRAP))
+			tnewline(1);
+		else
+			tmoveto(term.col - width, term.c.y);
+		gp = &TLINE(term.c.y)[term.c.x];
 	}
 
 	tsetchar(u, &term.c.attr, term.c.x, term.c.y);
@@ -2529,6 +2614,11 @@ twrite(const char *buf, int buflen, int show_ctrl)
 	Rune u;
 	int n;
 
+	if (TSCREEN.off) {
+		TSCREEN.off = 0;
+		tfulldirt();
+	}
+
 	for (n = 0; n < buflen; n += charsize) {
 		if (IS_SET(MODE_UTF8)) {
 			/* process a complete utf8 char */
@@ -2555,56 +2645,85 @@ twrite(const char *buf, int buflen, int show_ctrl)
 }
 
 void
-tresize(int col, int row)
+clearline(Line line, Glyph g, int x, int xend)
 {
 	int i;
+	g.mode = 0;
+	g.u = ' ';
+	for (i = x; i < xend; ++i) {
+		line[i] = g;
+	}
+}
+
+Line
+ensureline(Line line)
+{
+	if (!line) {
+		line = xmalloc(term.linelen * sizeof(Glyph));
+	}
+	return line;
+}
+
+void
+tresize(int col, int row)
+{
+	int i, j;
 	int minrow = MIN(row, term.row);
 	int mincol = MIN(col, term.col);
+	int linelen = MAX(col, term.linelen);
 	int *bp;
-	TCursor c;
 
-	if (col < 1 || row < 1) {
+	if (col < 1 || row < 1 || row > HISTSIZE) {
 		fprintf(stderr,
 		        "tresize: error resizing to %dx%d\n", col, row);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * slide screen to keep cursor where we expect it -
-	 * tscrollup would work here, but we can optimize to
-	 * memmove because we're freeing the earlier lines
-	 */
-	for (i = 0; i <= term.c.y - row; i++) {
-		free(term.line[i]);
-		free(term.alt[i]);
+	/* Shift buffer to keep the cursor where we expect it */
+	if (row <= term.c.y) {
+		term.screen[0].cur = (term.screen[0].cur - row + term.c.y + 1) % term.screen[0].size;
 	}
-	/* ensure that both src and dst are not NULL */
-	if (i > 0) {
-		memmove(term.line, term.line + i, row * sizeof(Line));
-		memmove(term.alt, term.alt + i, row * sizeof(Line));
+
+	/* Resize and clear line buffers as needed */
+	if (linelen > term.linelen) {
+		for (i = 0; i < term.screen[0].size; ++i) {
+			if (term.screen[0].buffer[i]) {
+				term.screen[0].buffer[i] = xrealloc(term.screen[0].buffer[i], linelen * sizeof(Glyph));
+				clearline(term.screen[0].buffer[i], term.c.attr, term.linelen, linelen);
+			}
+		}
+		for (i = 0; i < minrow; ++i) {
+			term.screen[1].buffer[i] = xrealloc(term.screen[1].buffer[i], linelen * sizeof(Glyph));
+			clearline(term.screen[1].buffer[i], term.c.attr, term.linelen, linelen);
+		}
 	}
-	for (i += row; i < term.row; i++) {
-		free(term.line[i]);
-		free(term.alt[i]);
+	/* Allocate all visible lines for regular line buffer */
+	for (j = term.screen[0].cur, i = 0; i < row; ++i, j = (j + 1) % term.screen[0].size)
+	{
+		if (!term.screen[0].buffer[j]) {
+			term.screen[0].buffer[j] = xmalloc(linelen * sizeof(Glyph));
+		}
+		if (i >= term.row) {
+			clearline(term.screen[0].buffer[j], term.c.attr, 0, linelen);
+		}
+	}
+	/* Resize alt screen */
+	term.screen[1].cur = 0;
+	term.screen[1].size = row;
+	for (i = row; i < term.row; ++i) {
+		free(term.screen[1].buffer[i]);
+	}
+	term.screen[1].buffer = xrealloc(term.screen[1].buffer, row * sizeof(Line));
+	for (i = term.row; i < row; ++i) {
+		term.screen[1].buffer[i] = xmalloc(linelen * sizeof(Glyph));
+		clearline(term.screen[1].buffer[i], term.c.attr, 0, linelen);
 	}
 
 	/* resize to new height */
-	term.line = xrealloc(term.line, row * sizeof(Line));
-	term.alt  = xrealloc(term.alt,  row * sizeof(Line));
 	term.dirty = xrealloc(term.dirty, row * sizeof(*term.dirty));
 	term.tabs = xrealloc(term.tabs, col * sizeof(*term.tabs));
 
-	/* resize each row to new width, zero-pad if needed */
-	for (i = 0; i < minrow; i++) {
-		term.line[i] = xrealloc(term.line[i], col * sizeof(Glyph));
-		term.alt[i]  = xrealloc(term.alt[i],  col * sizeof(Glyph));
-	}
-
-	/* allocate any new rows */
-	for (/* i = minrow */; i < row; i++) {
-		term.line[i] = xmalloc(col * sizeof(Glyph));
-		term.alt[i] = xmalloc(col * sizeof(Glyph));
-	}
+	/* fix tabstops */
 	if (col > term.col) {
 		bp = term.tabs + term.col;
 
@@ -2614,26 +2733,16 @@ tresize(int col, int row)
 		for (bp += tabspaces; bp < term.tabs + col; bp += tabspaces)
 			*bp = 1;
 	}
+
 	/* update terminal size */
 	term.col = col;
 	term.row = row;
+	term.linelen = linelen;
 	/* reset scrolling region */
 	tsetscroll(0, row-1);
 	/* make use of the LIMIT in tmoveto */
 	tmoveto(term.c.x, term.c.y);
-	/* Clearing both screens (it makes dirty all lines) */
-	c = term.c;
-	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-		if (mincol < col && 0 < minrow) {
-			tclearregion(mincol, 0, col - 1, minrow - 1);
-		}
-		if (0 < col && minrow < row) {
-			tclearregion(0, minrow, col - 1, row - 1);
-		}
-		tswapscreen();
-		tcursor(CURSOR_LOAD);
-	}
-	term.c = c;
+	tfulldirt();
 }
 
 void
@@ -2645,14 +2754,15 @@ resettitle(void)
 void
 drawregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
 {
-	int y;
+	int y, L;
 
+	L = TLINEOFFSET(y1);
 	for (y = y1; y < y2; y++) {
-		if (!term.dirty[y])
-			continue;
-
-		term.dirty[y] = 0;
-		xdrawline(term.line[y], x1, y, x2);
+		if (term.dirty[y]) {
+			term.dirty[y] = 0;
+			xdrawline(TSCREEN.buffer[L], x1, y, x2);
+		}
+		L = (L + 1) % TSCREEN.size;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -2667,14 +2777,15 @@ draw(void)
 	/* adjust cursor position */
 	LIMIT(term.ocx, 0, term.col-1);
 	LIMIT(term.ocy, 0, term.row-1);
-	if (term.line[term.ocy][term.ocx].mode & ATTR_WDUMMY)
+	if (TLINE(term.ocy)[term.ocx].mode & ATTR_WDUMMY)
 		term.ocx--;
-	if (term.line[term.c.y][cx].mode & ATTR_WDUMMY)
+	if (TLINE(term.c.y)[cx].mode & ATTR_WDUMMY)
 		cx--;
 
 	drawregion(0, 0, term.col, term.row);
-	xdrawcursor(cx, term.c.y, term.line[term.c.y][cx],
-			term.ocx, term.ocy, term.line[term.ocy][term.ocx]);
+	if (TSCREEN.off == 0)
+		xdrawcursor(cx, term.c.y, TLINE(term.c.y)[cx],
+				term.ocx, term.ocy, TLINE(term.ocy)[term.ocx]);
 	term.ocx = cx;
 	term.ocy = term.c.y;
 	xfinishdraw();

st.h

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 #define TRUECOLOR(r,g,b)	(1 << 24 | (r) << 16 | (g) << 8 | (b))
 #define IS_TRUECOL(x)		(1 << 24 & (x))
+#define HISTSIZE            2000
 
 enum glyph_attribute {
 	ATTR_NULL       = 0,
@@ -111,8 +112,6 @@ void *xmalloc(size_t);
 void *xrealloc(void *, size_t);
 char *xstrdup(const char *);
 
-int xgetcolor(int x, unsigned char *r, unsigned char *g, unsigned char *b);
-
 /* config.h globals */
 extern char *utmp;
 extern char *scroll;

st.info

@@ -184,6 +184,10 @@ st-mono| simpleterm monocolor,
 # XTerm extensions
 	rmxx=\E[29m,
 	smxx=\E[9m,
+	BE=\E[?2004h,
+	BD=\E[?2004l,
+	PS=\E[200~,
+	PE=\E[201~,
 # disabled rep for now: causes some issues with older ncurses versions.
 #	rep=%p1%c\E[%p2%{1}%-%db,
 # tmux extensions, see TERMINFO EXTENSIONS in tmux(1)

win.h

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ void xdrawline(Line, int, int, int);
 void xfinishdraw(void);
 void xloadcols(void);
 int xsetcolorname(int, const char *);
+int xgetcolor(int, unsigned char *, unsigned char *, unsigned char *);
 void xseticontitle(char *);
 void xsettitle(char *);
 int xsetcursor(int);

x.c

@@ -59,6 +59,8 @@ static void zoom(const Arg *);
 static void zoomabs(const Arg *);
 static void zoomreset(const Arg *);
 static void ttysend(const Arg *);
+void kscrollup(const Arg *);
+void kscrolldown(const Arg *);
 
 /* config.h for applying patches and the configuration. */
 #include "config.h"
@@ -252,7 +254,7 @@ static char *opt_line  = NULL;
 static char *opt_name  = NULL;
 static char *opt_title = NULL;
 
-static int oldbutton = 3; /* button event on startup: 3 = release */
+static uint buttons; /* bit field of pressed buttons */
 
 void
 clipcopy(const Arg *dummy)
@@ -364,61 +366,68 @@ mousesel(XEvent *e, int done)
 void
 mousereport(XEvent *e)
 {
-	int len, x = evcol(e), y = evrow(e),
-	    button = e->xbutton.button, state = e->xbutton.state;
+	int len, btn, code;
+	int x = evcol(e), y = evrow(e);
+	int state = e->xbutton.state;
 	char buf[40];
 	static int ox, oy;
 
-	/* from urxvt */
-	if (e->xbutton.type == MotionNotify) {
+	if (e->type == MotionNotify) {
 		if (x == ox && y == oy)
 			return;
 		if (!IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEMOTION) && !IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEMANY))
 			return;
-		/* MOUSE_MOTION: no reporting if no button is pressed */
-		if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEMOTION) && oldbutton == 3)
+		/* MODE_MOUSEMOTION: no reporting if no button is pressed */
+		if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEMOTION) && buttons == 0)
 			return;
-
-		button = oldbutton + 32;
-		ox = x;
-		oy = y;
+		/* Set btn to lowest-numbered pressed button, or 12 if no
+		 * buttons are pressed. */
+		for (btn = 1; btn <= 11 && !(buttons & (1<<(btn-1))); btn++)
+			;
+		code = 32;
 	} else {
-		if (!IS_SET(MODE_MOUSESGR) && e->xbutton.type == ButtonRelease) {
-			button = 3;
-		} else {
-			button -= Button1;
-			if (button >= 7)
-				button += 128 - 7;
-			else if (button >= 3)
-				button += 64 - 3;
-		}
-		if (e->xbutton.type == ButtonPress) {
-			oldbutton = button;
-			ox = x;
-			oy = y;
-		} else if (e->xbutton.type == ButtonRelease) {
-			oldbutton = 3;
+		btn = e->xbutton.button;
+		/* Only buttons 1 through 11 can be encoded */
+		if (btn < 1 || btn > 11)
+			return;
+		if (e->type == ButtonRelease) {
 			/* MODE_MOUSEX10: no button release reporting */
 			if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEX10))
 				return;
-			if (button == 64 || button == 65)
+			/* Don't send release events for the scroll wheel */
+			if (btn == 4 || btn == 5)
 				return;
 		}
+		code = 0;
 	}
 
+	ox = x;
+	oy = y;
+
+	/* Encode btn into code. If no button is pressed for a motion event in
+	 * MODE_MOUSEMANY, then encode it as a release. */
+	if ((!IS_SET(MODE_MOUSESGR) && e->type == ButtonRelease) || btn == 12)
+		code += 3;
+	else if (btn >= 8)
+		code += 128 + btn - 8;
+	else if (btn >= 4)
+		code += 64 + btn - 4;
+	else
+		code += btn - 1;
+
 	if (!IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEX10)) {
-		button += ((state & ShiftMask  ) ? 4  : 0)
-			+ ((state & Mod4Mask   ) ? 8  : 0)
-			+ ((state & ControlMask) ? 16 : 0);
+		code += ((state & ShiftMask  ) ?  4 : 0)
+		      + ((state & Mod1Mask   ) ?  8 : 0) /* meta key: alt */
+		      + ((state & ControlMask) ? 16 : 0);
 	}
 
 	if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSESGR)) {
 		len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\033[<%d;%d;%d%c",
-				button, x+1, y+1,
-				e->xbutton.type == ButtonRelease ? 'm' : 'M');
+				code, x+1, y+1,
+				e->type == ButtonRelease ? 'm' : 'M');
 	} else if (x < 223 && y < 223) {
 		len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\033[M%c%c%c",
-				32+button, 32+x+1, 32+y+1);
+				32+code, 32+x+1, 32+y+1);
 	} else {
 		return;
 	}
@@ -461,9 +470,13 @@ mouseaction(XEvent *e, uint release)
 void
 bpress(XEvent *e)
 {
+	int btn = e->xbutton.button;
 	struct timespec now;
 	int snap;
 
+	if (1 <= btn && btn <= 11)
+		buttons |= 1 << (btn-1);
+
 	if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSE) && !(e->xbutton.state & forcemousemod)) {
 		mousereport(e);
 		return;
@@ -472,7 +485,7 @@ bpress(XEvent *e)
 	if (mouseaction(e, 0))
 		return;
 
-	if (e->xbutton.button == Button1) {
+	if (btn == Button1) {
 		/*
 		 * If the user clicks below predefined timeouts specific
 		 * snapping behaviour is exposed.
@@ -686,6 +699,11 @@ xsetsel(char *str)
 void
 brelease(XEvent *e)
 {
+	int btn = e->xbutton.button;
+
+	if (1 <= btn && btn <= 11)
+		buttons &= ~(1 << (btn-1));
+
 	if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSE) && !(e->xbutton.state & forcemousemod)) {
 		mousereport(e);
 		return;
@@ -693,7 +711,7 @@ brelease(XEvent *e)
 
 	if (mouseaction(e, 1))
 		return;
-	if (e->xbutton.button == Button1)
+	if (btn == Button1)
 		mousesel(e, 1);
 }
 
@@ -802,7 +820,7 @@ xloadcols(void)
 int
 xgetcolor(int x, unsigned char *r, unsigned char *g, unsigned char *b)
 {
-	if (!BETWEEN(x, 0, dc.collen))
+	if (!BETWEEN(x, 0, dc.collen - 1))
 		return 1;
 
 	*r = dc.col[x].color.red >> 8;
@@ -817,7 +835,7 @@ xsetcolorname(int x, const char *name)
 {
 	Color ncolor;
 
-	if (!BETWEEN(x, 0, dc.collen))
+	if (!BETWEEN(x, 0, dc.collen - 1))
 		return 1;
 
 	if (!xloadcolor(x, name, &ncolor))
@@ -1115,7 +1133,7 @@ xinit(int cols, int rows)
 {
 	XGCValues gcvalues;
 	Cursor cursor;
-	Window parent;
+	Window parent, root;
 	pid_t thispid = getpid();
 	XColor xmousefg, xmousebg;
 
@@ -1152,16 +1170,19 @@ xinit(int cols, int rows)
 		| ButtonMotionMask | ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask;
 	xw.attrs.colormap = xw.cmap;
 
+	root = XRootWindow(xw.dpy, xw.scr);
 	if (!(opt_embed && (parent = strtol(opt_embed, NULL, 0))))
-		parent = XRootWindow(xw.dpy, xw.scr);
-	xw.win = XCreateWindow(xw.dpy, parent, xw.l, xw.t,
+		parent = root;
+	xw.win = XCreateWindow(xw.dpy, root, xw.l, xw.t,
 			win.w, win.h, 0, XDefaultDepth(xw.dpy, xw.scr), InputOutput,
 			xw.vis, CWBackPixel | CWBorderPixel | CWBitGravity
 			| CWEventMask | CWColormap, &xw.attrs);
+	if (parent != root)
+		XReparentWindow(xw.dpy, xw.win, parent, xw.l, xw.t);
 
 	memset(&gcvalues, 0, sizeof(gcvalues));
 	gcvalues.graphics_exposures = False;
-	dc.gc = XCreateGC(xw.dpy, parent, GCGraphicsExposures,
+	dc.gc = XCreateGC(xw.dpy, xw.win, GCGraphicsExposures,
 			&gcvalues);
 	xw.buf = XCreatePixmap(xw.dpy, xw.win, win.w, win.h,
 			DefaultDepth(xw.dpy, xw.scr));
@@ -1477,12 +1498,12 @@ xdrawglyphfontspecs(const XftGlyphFontSpec *specs, Glyph base, int len, int x, i
 
 	/* Render underline and strikethrough. */
 	if (base.mode & ATTR_UNDERLINE) {
-		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, fg, winx, winy + dc.font.ascent + 1,
+		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, fg, winx, winy + dc.font.ascent * chscale + 1,
 				width, 1);
 	}
 
 	if (base.mode & ATTR_STRUCK) {
-		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, fg, winx, winy + 2 * dc.font.ascent / 3,
+		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, fg, winx, winy + 2 * dc.font.ascent * chscale / 3,
 				width, 1);
 	}
 
@@ -1601,6 +1622,9 @@ xseticontitle(char *p)
 	XTextProperty prop;
 	DEFAULT(p, opt_title);
 
+	if (p[0] == '\0')
+		p = opt_title;
+
 	if (Xutf8TextListToTextProperty(xw.dpy, &p, 1, XUTF8StringStyle,
 	                                &prop) != Success)
 		return;
@@ -1615,6 +1639,9 @@ xsettitle(char *p)
 	XTextProperty prop;
 	DEFAULT(p, opt_title);
 
+	if (p[0] == '\0')
+		p = opt_title;
+
 	if (Xutf8TextListToTextProperty(xw.dpy, &p, 1, XUTF8StringStyle,
 	                                &prop) != Success)
 		return;
@@ -1817,7 +1844,7 @@ void
 kpress(XEvent *ev)
 {
 	XKeyEvent *e = &ev->xkey;
-	KeySym ksym;
+	KeySym ksym = NoSymbol;
 	char buf[64], *customkey;
 	int len;
 	Rune c;
@@ -1827,10 +1854,13 @@ kpress(XEvent *ev)
 	if (IS_SET(MODE_KBDLOCK))
 		return;
 
-	if (xw.ime.xic)
+	if (xw.ime.xic) {
 		len = XmbLookupString(xw.ime.xic, e, buf, sizeof buf, &ksym, &status);
-	else
+		if (status == XBufferOverflow)
+			return;
+	} else {
 		len = XLookupString(e, buf, sizeof buf, &ksym, NULL);
+	}
 	/* 1. shortcuts */
 	for (bp = shortcuts; bp < shortcuts + LEN(shortcuts); bp++) {
 		if (ksym == bp->keysym && match(bp->mod, e->state)) {